Names:
Boss Tweed:
75 to 200 million dollars were swindled from the City between 1865 and 1871 by him.
1860 William March Tweed became chairman of the New York county Democratic Party and the leader (called the Grand Sachem) of the Tammany club
Name: William M. “Boss” Tweed
William M. “Boss” Tweed (1823-1878) was a rather second-rate politician who moved up the ranks of the Tammany Hall political organization in New York City in the 1850’s and 1860’s to become one of the most powerful men in New York City politics. At that time, party politics were controlled by many of these organizations, and Tammany became one of the most powerful. Tweed held various national, state, and local positions including U.S. Congressman, state senator, and New York City alderman. Abuses in government, graft, and corruption were widespread at the time. Tweed’s political power allowed him to funnel large amounts of public monies into the personal accounts of many unscrupulous politicians, including himself. Estimates of the amount of money stolen by Tweed and his “Ring” of cronies range as high as $200,000,000.
William Tweed was arrested and tried before Judge Davis twice in 1873. The first trial resulted in a hung jury, but Tweed was convicted in the second trial and Noah sentenced him to 12 years in prison and fined him $12,750. Many historians consider Tweed to have unfairly been made the scapegoat of all of New York’s corruption problems at the time.
Tweed died in disgrace in prison in 1878.
Tweed started out as a volunteer fireman and eventually became head of the New York City political machine in 1863.
1. 6 feet tall
2. almost 300 pounds

Thomas Nast:
1. In 1873, following his successful campaign against New York City’s Tweed Ring, he was billed as “The Prince of Caricaturists” for a lecture tour that lasted seven months
2. Popularized the elephant to symbolize the Republican Party and the donkey as the symbol for the Democratic Party, and created the “modern” image of Santa Claus.
4. Following his death on December 7, 1902, Thomas Nast’s obituary in Harper’s weekly stated, “He has been called, perhaps not with accuracy, but with substantial justice, called the Father of American Caricature.”
5. Died in 1902.
6. Got his start as a Civil War illustrator for Harper’s Weekly.
7. Was born in Landau, Germany, on September 26, 1840.
8. Father: Thomas, a trombonist in a regimental band, held liberal political sentiments.
9. 1859 he moved to the New York Illustrated News; and was sent by the paper to England in February 1860 to cover a major prizefight.
6. Nast went to Sicily to report on Giuseppe Garibaldi’s military campaign in Sicily.
7. 1861, and that fall he married Sarah (Sallie) Edwards. They had five children, Julia, Thomas, Jr., Edith, Mabel, and Cyril. When Nast was in the office, he drew backwards directly on the boxwood printing blocks with a soft pencil.
7. Was a Radical Republican, a liberal, progressive, nationalistic, and Protestant wing of the party.
8. He illustrated more than one hundred ten books. In 1867 Nast executed thirty-three huge (eight feet by twelve feet) tempera paintings that comprised an allegory of the nation’s recent history.

Jane Addams:
1. Name: Jane Addams
2. Date of Birth: 1860
3. Place of Birth: Cedarville, Illinois
4. Date of Death: 1935
5. Place of Death: Chicago, Illinois
6. Remembered primarily as a founder of the Settlement House Movement.
7. She and Ellen Starr founded Hull House in the slums of Chicago in 1889.
8. First American Woman to receive the Nobel Peace Prize
9. Selfless giver of ministrations to the poor
10. Mover and shaker in the areas of labor reform (laws that governed working conditions for children and women)
11. Charter member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
12. Grew up in Cedarville, Illinois
13. Daughter of a very well-to-do gentleman
14. Mother was a kind and gracious lady
15. Had five brothers and sisters at the time of her mother’s death, when Jane was two
16. Devoted to her father (Dad remarried and new mom brought 2 new step brothers)
17. He taught her tolerance, philanthropy, and a strong work ethic and also encouraged her to pursue higher education, but not at the expense of losing her femininity and the prospect of marriage and motherhood — the expectation for all upper-class young ladies at that time
18. Attended the Rockford Seminary & excelled in her studies
19. Addams worked for Chicago municipal suffrage and became first vice-president of the National American Women Suffrage Association in 1911.
20. She campaigned nationwide for Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Party in 1912.

Francis Willard:
1. Born in Churchville, New York, on 28th September, 1839
2. Studied at the Northwestern Female College, Evanston, Illinois
3. After taught science at Pittsburgh Female College and Genesee Wesleyan Seminary in New York.
4. 1871 Willard was appointed president of Northwestern Female College
5. When it merged with the university, she became college dean and professor of esthetics
6. Worked as a journalist and for a time was editor of the Chicago Daily Post
7. 1874 Willard helped establish the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU).
Main objective: persuade all states to prohibit the sale of alcoholic beverages
8. Organization succeeded in bringing about temperance education in schools
9. Also supported the abolition of prostitution, prison reform and women’s suffrage.
10. 1881 Willard had become president of the WCTU
11. An outstanding lecturer, organizer, writer and for a time was editor of the Chicago Daily Post
12. Published her autobiography, Glimpses of Fifty Years, in 1889.
13. became a socialist and in 1897 she shocked fellow delegates at the national conference of the Women’s Christian Temperance Union when she argued that “socialism is the higher way; it enacts into everyday living the ethics of Christ’s gospel. Nothing else will do.”
14. Developed Influenza while visiting New York City and died on 17th February, 1898

Carrie Nation:
1. 6 feet tall
2. Weigh 180
3.Name: Carry Amelia Moore Nation
4. 1900, the target of Nation’s wrath was alcoholic drink
5. described herself as “a bulldog running along at the feet of Jesus, barking at what he doesn’t like,”
6. brief marriage to an alcoholic in the late 1800’s fueled Nation’s disdain for alcohol
7. first outburst of destruction in the name of temperance in 1900;; Kiowa, Kansas
8. 1900 and 1910 she was arrested some 30 times after leading her followers in the destruction of one water hole after another with cries of “Smash, ladies, smash!” Prize-fighter John L. Sullivan was reported to have run and hid when Nation burst into his New York City saloon
9. mocked her opponents as “rum-soaked, whiskey-swilled, saturn-faced rummies.”
10. Member of WCTU (Women’s Christian Temperance Union)

Elizabeth Cady Stanton:
1. Lived: 1815-1902. November 12, 1815 birthday
2. The architect and author of the movement’s most important strategies and documents
3. Had an early introduction to the reform movements, including encounters as a young woman with fugitive slaves at the home of her cousin Gerrit Smith
4. At Smith’s home that she also met her husband Henry Stanton
5. Marriage in 1840
6. They traveled to London, where Henry Stanton was a delegate to the World Anti-Slavery Convention
7. She met Lucretia Mott, the Quaker teacher who served in many of the associated Temperance, Anti-Slavery, and Women’s Rights organizations with which Stanton is associated.
8. Stanton, Mott, Wright, Hunt, and Mary Ann McClintock made the plan to call the first women’s rights convention, initiating the women’s rights movement in the United States, and Stanton’s role as a leader in that movement
9. 1851, Stanton worked in close partnership with Susan B. Anthony
10. Stanton often served as the writer and Anthony as the strategist in this effective working relationship
11. Stanton and Anthony were among those who were determined to focus on female suffrage when only voting rights of freed males were addressed in Reconstruction.
12. When the NWSA and the rival American Woman Suffrage Association finally merged in 1890, Stanton served as the president of the resulting National American Woman Suffrage Association
13. Died in New York on October 26, 1902

Susan B. Anthony:
1. Full Name: Susan Brownell Anthony
2. Born February 15, 1820 in Adams Massachusetts to Daniel and Lucy Anthony
3. Second born of eight children in a strict Quaker family
4. Father, Daniel Anthony, was a stern man, a Quaker Abolitionist and a cotton manufacturer
5. Susan was a precocious child and she learned to read and write at the age of three
6. 826, the Anthonys moved from Massachusetts to Battensville, N.Y. where Susan attended a district school
7. Teacher refused to teach Susan long division; Susan was taken out of school and taught in a “home school” set up by her father
8. School was run by a woman teacher, Mary Perkins. Perkins offered a new image of womanhood to Susan and her sisters
9. She was independent and educated and held a position that had traditionally been reserved to young men
10. Susan was sent to boarding school near Philadelphia
11. Taught at a female academy, Eunice Kenyon’s Quaker boarding school, in upstate New York from 1846-49
12. She settled in her family home in Rochester, New York
13. New York: began her first public crusade on behalf of temperance
14. First involvement in the world of reform was in the temperance movement.
15. One of the first expressions of original feminism in the United States and it dealt with the abuses of women and children who suffered from alcoholic husbands
16. 1849, Susan gave her first public speech for the Daughters of Temperance and then helped found the Woman’s State Temperance Society of New York, one of the first organizations of its time
17. 1851 she went to Syracuse to attend a series of antislavery meetings
18. 1854, she devoted herself to the antislavery movement serving from 1856 to the outbreak of the civil war, 1861
19. She served as an agent for the American Anti-slavery Society
20. After, she collaborated with Stanton and published the New York liberal weekly, “The Revolution” (1868-70) which called for equal pay for women.
21. Died in Rochester, New York in her house at 17 Madison Street on March 13, 1906, and is buried at Mount Hope Cemetery.

Mark Twain:
1. Born on Nov. 30, 1835, the small town of Florida, Mo
2. Real name: Samuel Langhorne Clemens
3. Sixth child of John Marshall and Jane Lampton Clemens
4. four years after his birth, in 1839, the Clemens family moved 35 miles east to the town of Hannibal
5. Samuel’s father was a judge, and he built a two-story frame house at 206 Hill Street in 1844.
6. When young, was kept indoors because of poor health.
7. Age nine, he seemed to recover from his ailments and joined the rest of the town’s children outside
8. Attended a private school in Hannibal.
9. Age 12, his father died of pneumonia and at 13, Samuel left school to become a printer’s apprentice
10. Two short years, he joined his brother Orion’s newspaper as a printer and editorial assistant. It was here that young Samuel found he enjoyed writing
11. Age 17, he left Hannibal behind for a printer’s job in St. Louis
12. In St. Louis, Clemens became a river pilot’s apprentice
13. Became a licensed river pilot in 1858
14. Clemens’ pseudonym (fictitious name used by an author to conceal his or her identity; pen name), Mark Twain, comes from his days as a river pilot
15. It is a river term which means two fathoms or 12-feet when the depth of water for a boat is being sounded. “Mark twain” means that is safe to navigate
16. Because the river trade was brought to a stand still by the Civil War in 1861, Clemens began working as a newspaper reporter for several newspapers all over the United States
17. 1870, Clemens married Olivia Langdon, and they had four children, one of whom died in infancy and two who died in their twenties
18. Surviving child, Clara, lived to be 88, and had one daughter. Clara’s daughter died without having any children, so there are no direct descendants of Samuel Clemens living
19. Began to gain fame when his story, “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calavaras County” appeared in the New York Saturday Press on November 18, 1865
20. First book, “The Innocents Abroad,” was published in 1869, “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer” in 1876, and “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” in 1885. He wrote 28 books and numerous short stories, letters and sketches
21. Passed away on April 21, 1910
22. childhood home is open to the public as a museum in Hannibal, and Calavaras County in California holds the Calavaras County Fair and Jumping Frog Jubilee every third weekend in May. Walking tours are given in New York City of places Twain visited near his birthday every year.

Frederick Law Olmstead:
1. Lived from 1822 - 1903 was born in Hartford, Connecticut
2. Never fully attended college but became a very learned man
3. Age 18, Olmsted moved to New York to begin a career as a scientific farmer.
4. After that career failed to take off, he toured Europe with his brother, served as a merchant seaman, and traveled throughout the southern United States as a newspaper correspondent, publishing several books as an outgrowth of that career.
5. With connections gained as a columnist with the New Yorker, Olmsted was able to gain the appointed as the Superintendent of Central Park, New York City, in 1857, early in the development of that park project
6. Met Calvert Vaux, who had been working on a design for the park with Andrew Jackson Downing. When Downing died, Vaux approached OImsted about collaborating on the project. Their plan, titled Greensward, was ultimately selected as the winning design.
7. 1859, Olmsted married the widow of his brother, John, and he adopted her children
8. 1861, Olmsted obtained a leave of absence from his duties at Central Park so that he could serve as the Executive Secretary (the head of administration) of United States Sanitary Commission, an early version of the Red Cross, which was responsible for aiding the well-being of the soldiers of the Union Army during the Civil War
9. 1863, he was offered the position manager at the Mariposa Estate in California, a gold mining venture north of San Francisco, and he left the organization
10. Returned to New York when the project failed, joining Vaux in designing Prospect Park (1865-1873), Chicago’s Riverside subdivision, Buffalo’s park system (1868-1876), and the Niagara Reservation at Niagara Falls (1887).
11.1883, he departed New York City and relocated to Brookline, Massachusetts with his practice
12. Begun work on a park system for the City of Boston, eventually he focused much of his time on the Emerald Necklace
13. Along with his work on the design of the 1893 World’s Fair in Chicago were among the last of Olmsted’s projects
14. 1895, due to failing health Olmsted turned the firm over to his partners, and soon senility forced him to be confined in the McLean Hospital at Waverly, Massachusetts. Ironically, Olmsted had designed the grounds of the institution.
15. Died on August 28, 1903
16. Landscape architecture firm he founded was continued by his sons and their successors until 1980
17. His home and office were purchased by the National Park Service and opened to the public as museum. His papers are now housed in the Library of Congress, while the Olmsted National Historic site preserves the drawings and plans for much of Olmsted and his firm’s body of work.
18. Main goal, no matter what he was doing was to attempt to improve American society
19. Had visions of vast recreational and cultural achievements in the hearts of cities
Saw parks as just vast meadows, but rather he saw them as places of harmony; places where people would go to escape life and regain their sanity

Scott Joplin:
1. Birthday: between June 1867 and January 1868
2. Death: April 1, 1917
3. An American musician and composer of ragtime music.
4. Remains the best-known ragtime figure and is regarded as one of the three most important composers of classic ragtime
5. Second of 6 children
6. Born in eastern Texas, near Linden, to Florence Givins and Giles or Jiles Joplin
7. Moved with his family to Texarkana at the age of about seven.
8. Early age, Joplin demonstrated his extraordinary talent for music
9. Encouraged by his parents, he was already proficient on the banjo, and was beginning to play the piano
10. Age eleven and under the tutelage of Julius Weiss, he was learning the finer points of harmony and style. As a teenager, he worked as a dance musician
11. Several years as an itinerant pianist playing in saloons and brothels throughout the Midwest, he settled in St. Louis about 1890
12. He studied and led in the development of a music genre now known as ragtime–a unique blend of European classical styles combined with African American harmony and rhythm
13. 1893, Joplin played in sporting areas adjacent to the Colombian Exposition in Chicago, and the following year moved to Sedalia, Missouri
14. He toured with his eight-member Texas Medley Quartette as far east as Syracuse, New York
15. First compositions, The Great Crush Collision, was inspired by a spectacular railroad locomotive crash staged near Waco, Texas in September of 1896
16. Late 1890s, Joplin worked at the Maple Leaf Club in Sedalia, which provided the title for his best known composition, the Maple Leaf Rag, published in 1899
17. 911, Joplin moved to New York City, where he devoted his energies to the production of his operatic work, Treemonisha, the first grand opera composed by an African American. At the time, however, this resulted unsuccessfully
18. After suffering deteriorating health due to syphilis that he contracted some years earlier, Joplin died on April 1, 1917 in Manhattan State Hospital.
19. Joplin’s music was popular and he received modest royalties during his lifetime, he did not receive recognition as a serious composer for more than fifty years after his death
20. In 1973, his music was featured in the motion picture, The Sting, which won and Academy Award for its film score. Three years later, in 1976, Joplin’s opera Treemonisha won the coveted Pulitzer Prize

Joseph Pulitzer:
1. Born in Budapest, in the Austro-Hungarian Empire in April, 1847
2. Migrated to the United States in 1864 and settled in St. Louis.
3. Worked as a mule tender, waiter and hack driver before studying English at the Mercantile Library
4. 1868 Pulitzer was recruited by Carl Schurz for his German-language daily, the Westliche Post.
5. Joined the Republican Party and was elected to the Missouri State Assembly
6. 1872 he, like many Radical Republicans, supported Horace Greeley against Ulysses S. Grant, the official Republican candidate
7. 872 Pulitzer was able to purchase the St. Louis Post for $3,000
8. Venture was a success and six years later was able to buy the St. Louis Dispatch for $2,700
9. Combined the two newspapers and launched crusades against government corruption, lotteries, gambling, and tax fraud
10. 1883 Pulitzer was a wealthy man and was able to purchase the New York World for $346,000
11. Newspaper, which had been losing $40,000 a year, was turned into a journal that concentrated on human-interest stories, scandal and sensational material
12. Also promised to use the paper to “expose all fraud and sham, fight all public evils and abuses, and to battle for the people with earnest sincerity”
13. used the New York World to advocate a ten-point program of reform: tax luxuries, tax inheritances; tax large incomes; tax monopolies; tax the privileged corporations; institute a tariff for revenue; reform the civil service; punish corrupt office holders; punish vote buying; punish employers who coerce their employees in elections. crusades against lotteries, gambling, and tax fraud
14. Two years after Pulitzer purchased New York World in 1883, he recruited Richard F. Outcault as one of his artists
15. Outcault’s comic cartoons based on life in the slums were extremely popular with the readers and sales reached 600,000, making it the largest circulating newspaper in the country
16. 1887 Pulitzer recruited Nellie Bly, a journalist working for the Pittsburgh Dispatch
17. She pioneered the idea of investigative reporting by writing articles about poverty, housing and labor conditions in New York
18. Often involved undercover work and feigned insanity to get into the insane asylum on Blackwell’s Island. Her scathing attack on the way patients were treated led to much needed reforms
19. Pulitzer continued to promote investigative reporting and in 1909 the New York World exposed a fraudulent payment of $40 million by the United States to the French Panama Canal Company
20. The federal government indicted Pulitzer for criminally libeling President Theodore Roosevelt and the banker John Pierpont Morgan. However, Pulitzer won an important victory for the freedom of the press when the courts dismissed the indictments.
21. Joseph Pulitzer, whose eyesight deteriorated rapidly during his later years, died in 1911. In his will left $2 million for the establishment of a school of journalism at Columbia University. He also left a fund that established annual prizes for literature, drama, music and journalism. Since 1922 Pulitzer Prizes have also been awarded to cartoonists

William Randolph Hearst:
1. Born on April 29, 1863, in San Francisco, California
2. Only child of George Hearst, a self-made multimillionaire miner and rancher, and Phoebe Apperson Hearst
3. 1887, at 23 he became “Proprietor” of the San Francisco Examiner which his father, George Hearst, accepted as payment for a gambling debt
4. 1903, Mr. Hearst married Millicent Willson in New York City
5. five sons together during their marriage: George, William Randolph Jr., John and twins Randolph and David
6. Hearst died in Beverly Hills, Calif., on Aug. 14, 1951, at age 88. He is interred at the Cypress Lawn Cemetery in Colma, California
7. Inspired by the journalism of Joseph Pulitzer, Hearst turned the newspaper into a combination of reformist investigative reporting and lurid sensationalism
8. Developed a reputation for employing the best journalists available
9. Member of the United States House of Representatives (1903-07)
10. 1920s built a castle on a 240,000 acre ranch at San Simeon, California
11. Owned 28 major newspapers and 18 magazines, along with several radio stations and movie companies

Groups:
Nativists:
1. People who are opposed to immigration.
2. Groups or movements which oppose significant levels of immigration into their countries
3.People didn’t want immigration because of labor. The immigrants would take the jobs that are being on strike.
4. The immigrants were Catholic and Jews and they preferred being Protestant
5. These people were unskilled
6. They were different: darker color/stood out

Women’s Christian Temperance Union:
1. Organized in 1874 by women who were concerned about the problems alcohol was causing their families and society
2. Temperance may be defined as: moderation in all things healthful; total abstinence from all things harmful.
3. In many towns in Ohio and New York in the fall of 1873 women concerned about the destructive power of alcohol met in churches to pray and then marched to the saloons to ask the owners to close their establishments. They met with success but it was only temporary so by the next summer the women concluded that they must become organized nationally. This led to the founding of the National Woman’s Christian Temperance Union - the oldest continuing non-sectarian woman’s organization in the world.
4. Leader was Frances E. Willard, served as president ill death in 1898
5. When Leader died had 10 thousand branches and 500 thousand members.
6. By 1911 had almost a quarter of a million members;; was the largest organization of women in American history at that time.

Anti-Saloon League:
1. Leading organization lobbying for Prohibition in the United States in the early 20th century
2. Key component of the Progressive Movement, and was strongest in the South and rural North, drawing heavy support from pietistic Protestant ministers and their congregations, especially Methodists, Baptists, Disciples and Congregationalists
3. Concentrated on legislation, and cared about how legislators voted, not whether they drank or not
4. Founded as a state society in Oberlin, Ohio in 1893
5. In 1895 it became a national organization and quickly rose to become the most powerful prohibition lobby in America, pushing aside its older competitors the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union and the Prohibition Party
6. The first modern pressure group organized around one issue
7. League’s founder and first leader, Howard Hyde Russell (1855-1946), believed that the best leadership was selected, not elected
8. After the adoption of the Eighteenth (Prohibition) Amendment in 1919, the league sought strict enforcement of the Prohibition laws; but, after the repeal of that amendment in 1933, it ceased to be a force in American politics
9. was a non-partisan organization with ties to prohibitionists throughout the country; the Anti-Saloon League announced a campaign for the nationwide prohibition of alcohol

National American Women Suffrage Association:
1. Founded in 1896 based in New York City
2. Main suffrage in the US during the 19 century.
3. Represented millions of women and was the parent organization of hundreds of smaller local and state groups
4. Hosted and participated in large and theatrical suffrage parades, and held major annual conventions that helped to keep its members energized
5. Sponsored several newspapers and a suffrage press that published pamphlets, broadsides and books
6. Fighting for women’s right
7. Condemned the Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments as blatant injustices to women
8. Created by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton when the women’s rights movement split into two groups over the issue of suffrage for African American men
9. More radical of the two (The National Woman Suffrage Association and the American Woman Suffrage Association)
10. Gave priority to securing women the right to vote, and the group often stirred public debate through its reform proposals on a number of social issues, including marriage and divorce

Events:
The Gilded Age:
1. 1870-1900
2. named: “best and worst” of America
3. Suggested that there was a glittering layer of prosperity covered poverty and corruption that existed in society
4. Conspicuous consumption; people who had money had to show off that they had it
5. Time of corruption/ scandal in local state and national government

Two general themes caused tension during the Gilded Age:

1. Laissez-faire “1: a doctrine opposing government interference in economic affairs beyond the minimum necessary for the maintenance of peace and property rights.” Source: Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary (1990).
2. Concentration of power in the hands of the government at all levels - local, state, and federal. Government during this period assumed more authority and power, especially expanding its bureaucratic control and authority. Major areas of expansion of government power included land policy, railroad subsidies, tax/tariff policy, immigration policy, and Indian policy
   Places:
   Tammany Hall:
   1. The machine built public support by spending tax funds on public services and charities.
   2. Tammany Hall launched major public works projects–buildings, improvements in streets, parks, sewers, and docks.
   3. The Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in controlling New York City politics from the 1790s to the 1960s
   4. Electoral base lay predominantly with New York’s burgeoning immigrant constituency, which often exchanged political support for Tammany Hall’s patronage
   5. Provided to immigrants, many of whom lived in extreme poverty and received little government assistance, covered three key areas
   A. provided the means of physical existence in times of emergency: food, coal, rent money or a job
   B. served as a powerful intermediary between immigrants and the unfamiliar state, from dealing with the police and the bureaucracy to simply obtaining a pushcart license
   C. officials offered friendship and social intercourse to immigrants who found themselves in an unfamiliar social setting
   6. Controlled businesses, politics and sometimes law enforcement
   7. 1854, the Society elected its first New York City mayor.
   8. Tammany’s “bosses” (called the “Grand Sachem”) and their supporters enriched themselves by illegal means
   9. Most infamous boss of all was William M. “Boss” Tweed, whose control over the Tammany Hall machine allowed him to win election to the New York State Senate
   10. Depended for its power on government contracts, jobs, patronage, corruption, and ultimately the ability of its leaders to swing the popular vote

   
   Hull House:
   1. Social warfare reform work to relieve urban poverty
   2. Services for the poor
   3. Settlement houses: community enters in slums/ help immigration
   4. Run by college, educated women.
   Provided educational
   Help with financial problems, personal, jobs
   5. Jane Addams funded Hull Houses with Ellen Gates Starr in 1889
   6. Complex was not completed until 1907
   7. Settlement now had thirteen buildings spread over a large city block
   8. Around 70 people living in Hull House and it cost the settlement over $26,500 to run the house and its programs
   9. After the death of Jane Addams in 1935, Louise Bowen, president of the Hull House Association board of trustees, was the most important figure at Hull House
   10. One of the first social settlements in North America
   11. Founded in Chicago in 1889 when Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr rented an abandoned residence at 800 South Halsted Street that had been built by Charles G. Hull in 1856
   12. Hull House associates were instrumental in the enactment of state child labor laws and in the establishment of juvenile courts and juvenile protection agencies
   13. Assisted in the development of local trade union organizations, social welfare programs, and adult education classes
   14. Contributed to the woman suffrage and the international peace movements
   15. 1890s, Hull-House was located in the midst of a densely populated urban neighborhood peopled by Italian, Irish, German, Greek, Bohemian, and Russian and Polish Jewish immigrants
   16. 1920s, African Americans and Mexicans began to put down roots in the neighborhood and joined the clubs and activities at Hull-House
   17. provided kindergarten and day care facilities for the children of working mothers; an employment bureau; an art gallery; libraries; English and citizenship classes; and theater, music and art classes

   
   Documents and Laws:
   Chinese Exclusion Act:
   1. An act to execute certain treaty stipulations relating to Chinese.
   2. First significant restriction on free immigration in U.S. history
   3. Excluded Chinese laborers from the country under penalty of imprisonment and deportation
   4. Made Chinese immigrants permanent aliens by excluding them from U.S. citizenship
   5. Chinese men in the U.S. now had little chance of ever reuniting with their wives, or of starting families in their new home
   6. Froze the Chinese community in place in 1882, and prevented it from growing and assimilating into U.S. society as European immigrant groups did. Later, the 1924 Immigration Act would tighten the noose even further, excluding all classes of Chinese immigrants and extending restrictions to other Asian immigrant groups. Until these restrictions were relaxed in the middle of the twentieth century, Chinese immigrants were forced to live a life apart, and to build a society in which they could survive on their own
   7. This barred Chinese laborers from immigrating for ten years. Only officials, teachers, students, merchants, and travelers were allowed to enter. The Chinese currently in the United States were barred from naturalization. China, as the home country for these immigrants, was unable to exert any influence on American policy. This law stood in place till it was repealed in 1943.

   
   “Our Country”:
   1. A book. Real title: Our Country: Its possible Future and Its Present Crisis
   2. Immediate best-seller
   3. Called on foreign missions to civilize the world under Anglo-Saxon races
   4. Written by Josiah Strong, a Congregational minister and fervent expansionist
   5. Book argued for expanding American trade and dominion
   6. Said trade was important because the desire for material things was one of the hallmarks of civilized people.
   7. The Christian religion was something that marked civilized people.
   8. Wanted to export trade and religion so that Americans can civilize and Christianized “inferior” races.

   
   Vocabulary:
   Social Gospel: Page 569 in your book
   1. Many of the new trends were reflected in an emerging religious philosophy known as the Social Gospel.
   2. Focused on society as well as individuals, on improving living conditions as well as saving souls.
   3. Sermons called on church members to fulfill their social obligations, and adults met before and after the regular service to discuss social and economic problems.
   4. Children were excused from sermons, organized into age groups and encouraged to make the church a center for social as well as religious activity.
   5. Soon churches included dinning halls, gymnasium, and even theaters,